Apr 09, 2020. Apr 06, 2016. NVDA (NonVisual Desktop Access) is a free “screen reader” which enables blind and vision impaired people to independently use the Windows Operating system. It reads the text on the screen in a computerised voice. You can control what is read to you by moving the cursor to the relevant area of text with a mouse or the arrows on your keyboard. NVA is a new and popular file format used particularly for storing ebooks and associated with a piece of software called NVA Reader. This program is optimized to work on all types of platforms, including Windows, Mac, Nexus phones and tablets, iPhones and iPads, the Samsung Galaxy series etc.
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The Azure Bastion service is a new fully platform-managed PaaS service that you provision inside your virtual network. It provides secure and seamless RDP/SSH connectivity to your virtual machines directly in the Azure portal over TLS. When you connect via Azure Bastion, your virtual machines do not need a public IP address.
Bastion provides secure RDP and SSH connectivity to all of the VMs in the virtual network in which it is provisioned. Using Azure Bastion protects your virtual machines from exposing RDP/SSH ports to the outside world, while still providing secure access using RDP/SSH. With Azure Bastion, you connect to the virtual machine directly from the Azure portal. You don't need an additional client, agent, or piece of software.
Architecture
Azure Bastion deployment is per virtual network, not per subscription/account or virtual machine. Once you provision an Azure Bastion service in your virtual network, the RDP/SSH experience is available to all your VMs in the same virtual network.
RDP and SSH are some of the fundamental means through which you can connect to your workloads running in Azure. Exposing RDP/SSH ports over the Internet isn't desired and is seen as a significant threat surface. This is often due to protocol vulnerabilities. To contain this threat surface, you can deploy bastion hosts (also known as jump-servers) at the public side of your perimeter network. Bastion host servers are designed and configured to withstand attacks. Bastion servers also provide RDP and SSH connectivity to the workloads sitting behind the bastion, as well as further inside the network.
This figure shows the architecture of an Azure Bastion deployment. In this diagram:
- The Bastion host is deployed in the virtual network.
- The user connects to the Azure portal using any HTML5 browser.
- The user selects the virtual machine to connect to.
- With a single click, the RDP/SSH session opens in the browser.
- No public IP is required on the Azure VM.
Key features
The following features are available:
- RDP and SSH directly in Azure portal: You can directly get to the RDP and SSH session directly in the Azure portal using a single click seamless experience.
- Remote Session over TLS and firewall traversal for RDP/SSH: Azure Bastion uses an HTML5 based web client that is automatically streamed to your local device, so that you get your RDP/SSH session over TLS on port 443 enabling you to traverse corporate firewalls securely.
- No Public IP required on the Azure VM: Azure Bastion opens the RDP/SSH connection to your Azure virtual machine using private IP on your VM. You don't need a public IP on your virtual machine.
- No hassle of managing NSGs: Azure Bastion is a fully managed platform PaaS service from Azure that is hardened internally to provide you secure RDP/SSH connectivity. You don't need to apply any NSGs on Azure Bastion subnet. Because Azure Bastion connects to your virtual machines over private IP, you can configure your NSGs to allow RDP/SSH from Azure Bastion only. This removes the hassle of managing NSGs each time you need to securely connect to your virtual machines.
- Protection against port scanning: Because you do not need to expose your virtual machines to public Internet, your VMs are protected against port scanning by rogue and malicious users located outside your virtual network.
- Protect against zero-day exploits. Hardening in one place only: Azure Bastion is a fully platform-managed PaaS service. Because it sits at the perimeter of your virtual network, you don’t need to worry about hardening each of the virtual machines in your virtual network. The Azure platform protects against zero-day exploits by keeping the Azure Bastion hardened and always up to date for you.
What's new?
Subscribe to the RSS feed and view the latest Azure Bastion feature updates on the Azure Updates page.
FAQ
Which regions are available?
Note
We are working hard to add additional regions. When a region is added, we will add it to this list.
Americas
- Brazil South
- Canada Central
- Central US
- East US
- East US 2
- North Central US
- South Central US
- West Central US
- West US
- West US 2
Europe
- France Central
- North Europe
- Norway East
- Norway West
- Switzerland North
- UK South
- UK West
- West Europe
Asia Pacific
- Australia Central 2
- Australia East
- Australia Southeast
- East Asia
- Japan East
- Japan West
- Korea Central
- Korea South
- Southeast Asia
- Central India
- West India
Middle East and Africa
- South Africa North
- UAE Central
Azure Government
- US DoD Central
- US DoD East
- US Gov Arizona
- US Gov Texas
- US Gov Virginia
![Nva file reader Nva file reader](https://www.imore.com/sites/imore.com/files/styles/larger/public/field/image/2013/09/best_rss_apps_mac_hero.jpg?itok=3wW670D6)
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Azure China
- China North 2
Do I need a public IP on my virtual machine?
When you connect to a VM using Azure Bastion, you do NOT need a public IP on the Azure Virtual Machine that you are connecting to. The Bastion service will open the RDP/SSH session/connection to your virtual machine over the private IP of your virtual machine, within your virtual network.
Is IPv6 supported?
At this time, IPv6 is not supported. Azure Bastion supports IPv4 only.
Do I need an RDP or SSH client?
You do not need an RDP or SSH client to access the RDP/SSH to your Azure virtual machine in your Azure portal. Use the Azure portal to let you get RDP/SSH access to your virtual machine directly in the browser.
Do I need an agent running in the Azure virtual machine?
You don't need to install an agent or any software on your browser or your Azure virtual machine. The Bastion service is agentless and does not require any additional software for RDP/SSH.
How many concurrent RDP and SSH sessions does each Azure Bastion support?
Both RDP and SSH are a usage-based protocol. High usage of sessions will cause the bastion host to support a lower total number of sessions. The numbers below assume normal day-to-day workflows.
Resource | Limit |
---|---|
Concurrent RDP connections | 25* |
Concurrent SSH connections | 50** |
*May vary due to other on-going RDP sessions or other on-going SSH sessions.
**May vary if there are existing RDP connections or usage from other on-going SSH sessions.
**May vary if there are existing RDP connections or usage from other on-going SSH sessions.
What features are supported in an RDP session?
At this time, only text copy/paste is supported. Features such as file copy are not supported. Please feel free to share your feedback about new features on the Azure Bastion Feedback page.
Which browsers are supported?
Use the Microsoft Edge browser or Google Chrome on Windows. For Apple Mac, use Google Chrome browser. Microsoft Edge Chromium is also supported on both Windows and Mac, respectively. Act 3 hello neighbor.
Where does Azure Bastion store customer data?
Azure Bastion doesn't move or store customer data out of the region it is deployed in.
Are any roles required to access a virtual machine?
In order to make a connection, the following roles are required:
- Reader role on the virtual machine
- Reader role on the NIC with private IP of the virtual machine
- Reader role on the Azure Bastion resource
What is the pricing?
For more information, see the pricing page.
Does Azure Bastion require an RDS CAL for administrative purposes on Azure-hosted VMs?
No, access to Windows Server VMs by Azure Bastion does not require an RDS CAL when used solely for administrative purposes.
What keyboard layouts are supported during the Bastion remote session?
Azure Bastion currently supports en-us-qwerty keyboard layout inside the VM. Support for other locales for keyboard layout is work in progress.
Is user-defined routing (UDR) supported on an Azure Bastion subnet?
No. UDR is not supported on an Azure Bastion subnet.For scenarios that include both Azure Bastion and Azure Firewall/Network Virtual Appliance (NVA) in the same virtual network, you don’t need to force traffic from an Azure Bastion subnet to Azure Firewall because the communication between Azure Bastion and your VMs is private. For more information, see Accessing VMs behind Azure Firewall with Bastion.
Why do I get 'Your session has expired' error message before the Bastion session starts?
A session should be initiated only from the Azure portal. Sign in to the Azure portal and begin your session again. If you go to the URL directly from another browser session or tab, this error is expected. It helps ensure that your session is more secure and that the session can be accessed only through the Azure portal.
How do I handle deployment failures?
Review any error messages and raise a support request in the Azure portal as needed. Deployment failures may result from Azure subscription limits, quotas and constraints. Specifically, customers may encounter a limit on the number of public IP addresses allowed per subscription that causes the Azure Bastion deployment to fail.
Next steps
- Create an Azure Bastion host resource.
- Learn about some of the other key networking capabilities of Azure.
NVA is a new and popular file format used particularly for storing ebooks and associated with a piece of software called NVA Reader. This program is optimized to work on all types of platforms, including Windows, Mac, Nexus phones and tablets, iPhones and iPads, the Samsung Galaxy series etc.
Some of the main advantages of using NVA files are the possibility to select, highlight and underline text, make notes and add bookmarks. NVA files simulate the appearance of the print book really well and they preserve the structure, format and objects on each page. They also include handy search tools and features that facilitate sharing notes or quotes on social networks.
But if you have just downloaded or received by email an NVA file, you might notice it is not compatible with many other programs apart from NVA Reader. In case you want to convert it to a more accessible format, such as PDF, reaConverter can make this happen in a few seconds and without any quality loss. Additionally, reaConverter supports conversion from NVA to raster image formats, such as JPG, PNG or TIFF.
Here is how.
Download and install reaConverter. Start it and load your NVA files into main window. This powerful batch converter features a useful drag-and-drop tool, as well as the possibility to select files manually or add entire folders.
Go to the Edit images tab in case you want to resize, crop, rotate, watermark or add other editing features to your converted NVA files.
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Finally, go to Saving options and choose a location for your newly converted ebook files.
Last but not least, pick the format of the output files. reaConverter supports vector to vector conversion from NVA to PDF, which means your ebook will be converted to a more accessible format and preserve its quality. Alternatively, you can convert NVA files to multipage TIFFs or to other popular raster formats, including JPG and PNG.
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Next, simply click Start and your newly converted files will soon be ready!
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Advanced users can convert NVA ebooks using command line interface in manual, automated or scheduled mode. You are welcome to contact our technical support when you have any questions about reaConverter.